Alloy steel forging to Cold heading
Cold working to Flashless forging
Flow lines to Isothermal forging
Ring rolling to Wide tolerances
Compare Forging to Casting
Compare Forging to Reinforced Plastics and Composites (RP/C)
Compare Forging to Weldments/Fabrication
Compare Forging to Machined Steel Bar/Plate
Compare North American Forges to Offshore Competition
Compare Forging to Powder Metallurgy (P/M)
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Seamless ring rolling starts with a donut-shaped preform which is squeezed between a free-turning I.D. roll and a driven O.D. roll. Basically, the ring mill makes the section thinner while increasing the ring diameter.
A cold forging process, upsetting or cold heading gathers steel in the head and, if required, other locations along the length of the part. Metal flows at right angles to the ram force, increasing diameter and reducing length.
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Forging Terms and Definitions
From Machine forging to Rib-and-web forging
Courtesy of Forging Industry Association
Machine forging (upsetter forging): one made in a forging machine or upsetter, in which a horizontally moving die in the ram forces the alloy into the die cavities.
Mandrel forging: see saddle/mandrel forging.
Match: aligning a point in one die half with the corresponding point in the opposite die half.
Microalloyed-steel forging: one made from a mircroalloyed steel requiring only controlled cooling to reach optimum properties, which is in contrast to conventional quenched-and-tempered steels that require traditional heat treatments to achieve the same results.
Microstructure: the microscopic structure of metals/alloys as seen on a mounted, ground, polished and etched specimen to reveal grain size, constituent phases, etc.
Near-net-shape forging: forging components as close as possible to the required dimensions of the finished part.
Open die forging: one produced by working between flat or simply contoured dies by repetitive strokes and continuous manipulation of the workpiece; sometimes called hand forging.
Parting line: the plane that divides the two die halves used in forging; also applies to the resulting forging and impression dies.
Piercing: forming or enlarging a hole via a tapered or cylindrical punch.
Plastic deformation: permanent distortion of a material without fracturing it.
Plate: a flat, hot-rolled metal or alloy product whose thickness is much less than its width.
Precision forging: any forging process that produces parts to closer tolerances than conventional forging processes.
Preform: forging operation in which stock is preformed or shaped to a predetermined size and contour prior to subsequent die forging operations; also, ring blanks of a specific shape for profile (contour) ring rolling.
Press forging: the shaping of metal between dies on a mechanical or hydraulic press.
Quenched-and-tempered steel forging: one that is quenched and tempered to produce the required hardness and properties; should more accurately be referred to as hardened-and-tempered. (Hardening and tempering are heat treatments that follow austenitizing, which is usually the first heat treatment performed on carbon- and alloy-steel forgings.)
Restriking: a salvage operation following a primary forging operation Ñ rehitting forgings in the same die in which they were last forged.
Rib: a forged wall or vertical section generally projecting in a direction parallel to the ram stroke.
Rib-and-web forging: one whose basic configuration consists of ribs and webs.
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