Alloy steel forging to Cold heading
Cold working to Flashless forging
Flow lines to Isothermal forging
Machine forging to Rig-and-web forging
Compare Forging to Casting
Compare Forging to Reinforced Plastics and Composites (RP/C)
Compare Forging to Weldments/Fabrication
Compare Forging to Machined Steel Bar/Plate
Compare North American Forges to Offshore Competition
Compare Forging to Powder Metallurgy (P/M)
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Backward extrusion, another cold forging process, produces hollow parts. Here, the metal flows back around the descending ram in the opposite direction.
Forward extrusion, a basic cold forging operation, reduces slug diameter while increasing length. Stepped shafts and cylinders are typical examples of this process.
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Forging Terms and Definitions
From Ring rolling to Wide tolerance
Courtesy of Forging Industry Association
Ring rolling: forming seamless rings from pierced discs or thickwalled, ring-shaped blanks between rolls that control wall thickness, ring diameter, height and contour.
Roll forging: shaping stock between power driven rolls that incorporate contoured dies; used for preforming and to produce finished parts.
Rough machining: an initial machining operation that leaves adequate stock for subsequent finish machining.
Saddle/mandrel forging: rolling and forging a pierced disc over a mandrel to yield a seamless ring or tube.
Slab: a flat-shaped semifinished, rolled metal ingot with a width not less than 10 in. and a cross-sectional area not less than 16 sq. in.
Standard tolerance: an established tolerance for a certain class of product; preferred over
"commercial" or "published" tolerance.
Straightening: a finishing operation for correcting misalignment in a forging or between different sections of a forging.
Structural integrity: inherent microstructural soundness of forgings as a result of achieving 100% density, uniform metallurgical structure and grain size, as well as the absence of porosity, segregation, large inclusions and other non-forged part defects.
Swaging: reducing the size of forging stock; alternately, forging in semicontoured dies to lengthen a blank.
Target machining: incorporating a "target" (benchmark or gage point) on a forging to facilitate machining; coined locating surfaces and drilled centers are commonly used.
Tolerance: the specified permissible deviation from a specified or nominal dimension; the permissible variation in the size of a part.
Trimming: performed hot or cold, the mechanical shearing of flash or excess material from a forging by use of a trimmer in a trim press.
Upset forging: one made by upset of an appropriate length of bar, billet or bloom; working metal to increase the cross-sectional area of a portion or all of the stock.
Upsetter (forging machine): a machine with horizontal action used to produce upset forgings.
Warm forging: forging of steel at temperatures ranging from about 1000 degrees F to just below the normal hot working range of 1900 to 2300 degrees F.
Web: a relatively flat, thin portion of a forging - generally parallel to the forging plane - that connects ribs and bosses.
Wide tolerance: any special tolerance wider than "standard".
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